The Management of US Homeland Security Free Essays

The US utilizes a government condition of administration to oversee and make sure about the totality of the individual states as commanded by the Constitution. The administrative government’s base camp is focused in the White House in Washington, D.C. We will compose a custom article test on The Management of US Homeland Security or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now The legislature is isolated into three separate areas, each with a very much characterized job: (1) official branch, characterizes the job of the president and his body and the breaking point to their forces; (2) authoritative branch, is a bicameral structure comprising of the House of Representatives/Congress and the House of the Senate and is commonly worried about going of laws and revisions; (3) administrative branch, goes about as the forecourt in passing judgment on state matters and dynamic on any issues, regardless of whether official or authoritative in regards to US Constitution. The US Constitution proclamation remembers more liberated reign for every individual states implying that in the central government, the forces are restricted in light of the fact that they are vigorously constrained and isolated in every individual state. Each branch is isolated into offices and littler branches with an authoritative job. US being a modern and a political mammoth would be a significant objective for the individuals who mean to sabotage its capacity. Outer clashes, counterterrorism assaults, and moderation of related calamities are major fora for country security. The Executive Office of the President houses 17 gatherings and since the force vested in the president, beside being the â€Å"head of the state†, is the military boss â€command, at that point it is inferred that the â€Å"decision-making† with respect to national security occurs for upon him. There are three workplaces of import to his job as the military boss in-order: (1) Homeland Security Council (2) National Security Council and (3) Whitehouse Military Office. Comprehend that in the slippery job of ensuring the country security, the board ordered for this errand is the Homeland Security Council however this doesn't mean it is answerable for the wellbeing alone since it agreeably relates with the National Security Council and the Intelligence and the military to deliver and guarantee greatest country security. The HSC was set up by the Homeland Security Act of 2002 under Executive Order 13228 last October 8, 2001 as a defensive and lawful reaction to the assault on the twin towers. The primary standard of the demonstration is to ensure synchronization among official divisions and government organizations with respect to battling psychological warfare and guaranteeing country security.    It is initiated by the President with participants like the Secretary of Defense, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury, Director of National Intelligence, and other â€Å"heads† of offices are welcome to go to the gatherings. Right now the country security and counterterrorism consultant is Miss Frances Townsend; she encourages the HSC gatherings and the thirty-five part staff and acknowledges the and sorts out the reports from staff relating to (1) fringe security,â (2) biochemical defense,â (3) congruity of tasks between organizations, (4) crisis readiness (5) expectation of ‘events’, and (6) atomic safeguard. She works connected at the hip with the Assistant for the National Security Affairs in battling fear based oppression. Normally, country security would include that of the United States Intelligence Community (creation and scattering of insight) and the Military of the US (regular citizen insurance). The Intelligence is partitioned into three, to be specific, Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), and National Security Agency (NSA); and the Military Unit, into four, Army, Marines, Navy, and Coast Guard. Their official heads work connected at the hip with HSC and the exchange of data and employment connection of the different offices all aid the rendering of the assignment of realizing country security. Bush’s National Strategy for Homeland Security, which was revised in October 2007, expects to target security at two levels: (1) fear based oppressor and non-psychological oppressor assaults which may have suggestions for the security and (2) offense and safeguard on the essence of psychological warfare.  The calculated structure on the Strategy depends on the accompanying objectives: (1) turn away psychological militant assaults; (2) secure state individuals, resources, properties, assets; (3) balance episodes; and (4) reinforcing the establishment to for long haul achievement. With such a significant number of levels or parts of government, would it despite everything be feasible for a viable administration and conveyance of country security framework? Bush’s procedure and to accomplish that of the fourth objective, proposed for an extensive Homeland Security Management System at the national, state and inborn level utilizing the plan control plan-survey execute-assess. Every reciprocal procedure and practices must be involved at all levels, utilize multidisciplinary instruction openings, use s t and legislative impacts, and working connected at the hip with the Congress. There are issues with respect to this zone despite the fact that this is exceptionally resolvable by an ingenius move of elite data innovation between divisions. The e-government, as we may call it can encourage, an all the more away from among organizations whose jobs are somewhat covering and who must keep up a large number of data over the various agencies. This may likewise encourage not just increasingly productive correspondence between government office channels however just as interceded reaction between the individuals from the state and the legislature. The E-government methodology as a plan for improving productivity across country security channels may encourage for a decent defensive country safety efforts notwithstanding the stretching, structure of the Homeland Security. References Forman, M.(2002). E-Government Strategy. Recovered Dec 17, 2008 from http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/inforeg/egovstrategy.pdf. Country Security Council. (2007). Recovered Dec 17, 2008 from http://www.whitehouse.gov/government/ Step by step instructions to refer to The Management of US Homeland Security, Essays

Preservation Hall Jazz Band free essay sample

The melodies that I picked are off the Preservation Hall Jazz Band CD title Because of You. It was recorded in December 1995 at the Ultrasonic Studios in New Orleans. Sony discharged it under the Sony Classical Listening Station name in 1998. The melodies that I will use for my conversation are: Can Depend on Me a tune composed by Charles Carpenter, Louis Dunlap and Earl Hines. Mom Dont Allow It by Sammy Can and Charles Davenport. Modest Fleer by Sidney Becket. The principal melody You Can Depend on Me utilizes the smooth vocals of Marvin Kimball the banjo player of the band.It creates the impression that the tune utilizes a musicality area involved f the drums, upstanding bass and banjo utilizing 4/4 cadence with a consistent medium beat. The trumpet Is playing the tune and the clarinet playing a reversed on the main chorale. At the point when the vocals start, the Plano begins to play around the song with what gives off an impression of being a quieted clarinet conceivably doing some call and reaction to the vocals. We will compose a custom exposition test on Conservation Hall Jazz Band or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The following tune offers ascend to a solo by the trombone bowing notes here and there. After the trombone solo, the trumpet performances with a splendid blooming sound. The last theme rehashes the vocals.The music has a sentiment of the early New Orleans Jazz n the backtalk. The following tune Is Mama Dont Allow It with Wendell Brumes doing the vocals. The melody Is a light quick beat, 2/4 mood tune with performances of the considerable number of Instruments. The words to the melody portray, Mama dont need no messing about here. The vocalist utilizes a call and reaction to set up the instrument for a performance. After the word stanza is over the instrument named plays an independent that has an ad lib feel. Each performance keeps the tune of the tune, be that as it may, it incorporates embellishments and their own timbre.Again, the sentiment of New Orleans Jazz comes o mind when tuning in to this piece. The last tune utilized is Petite Fleer by Sidney Becket. The melody utilizes Instruments just with a 4/4 mood by the drums and upstanding bass with a moderate conscious beat and a vibe of a moderate tango. The clarinet plays a smooth tune with the piano playing a counter song and including embellishments. Prior as far as possible of the theme, the clarinet and piano end on a peppy. At that point, between themes, a split is utilized to develop pressure, which is discharged by the clarinet In the following refrain by bringing a downbeat.The tune has an eel of recognition that I trust Is early Jazz, anyway It Is presumably better positioned as a paper shows the adaptability of the band. Contingent upon your temperament there is a melody for that feeling. The peppy melody of Mama Dont Allow It, asks for a pleasant carefree air while hearing the performances of each instrument and how they add to the band all in all. The consistent and streaming muff Can Depend on Me, gives an incredible foundation to unwinding and appreciating smooth listening sounds. Both these melodies strengthened numerous ideas learned in class regarding the structure and style of NewOrleans Jazz and even today solid new without bargaining the customary sound of early Jazz. The last tune Petite Fleer, is an ageless exemplary that sounds invigorating and new even today. The tune evokes pictures off little dance club of expressiveness where couples went to drink and moderate move. I can prescribe tuning in to the Preservation Hall Jazz Band in the event that you are searching for early Jazz styles while utilizing todays complex chronicle procedures. A decent solid framework and this band playing on CD can bring back a vibe of being there with the extraordinary entertainers of the early piece of the century.

Summer Magic

Summer Magic Hey y’all, My god I can’t believe it! It has been almost 2 months since I arrived in Boston. I have been up to my ears in work, dance practices and MCAT. No kidding. I sleep like a baby every night cuz I am so tired by the end of the day! But I am really happy though since I am doing all the things I love. I will also be back at MGH soon to volunteer so it’s just a lot of exciting things going on!!! First up, my work this summer! This summer, I am doing research in synthetic biology as a member of the MIT iGEM team. What is iGEM, you may wonder: “The International Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) Foundation is dedicated to education and competition, advancement of synthetic biology, and the development of open community and collaboration. In 2012, iGEM spun out of MIT and became an independent nonprofit organization located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. The iGEM Foundation fosters scientific research and education through organizing and operating the iGEM Competition, the premier student synthetic biology competition. It also fosters scientific research and education by establishing and operating the Registry of Standard Biological Parts, a community collection of biological components.” Taken from iGEM website (URL: http://igem.org/About ) More specifically, I work on the tissue culture (TC)/ transfection part of the project with some amazingly driven and hardworking individuals! Even before I arrived in Boston, Kristjan Eerik Kaseniit ’14 made an effort to update me on the project via Skype when I was in England and has been working tirelessly on the system’s designs. Nathan Kipniss ’14, also a member of tissue culture team, has helped me so much with catching up with the team’s progress (since I came back from England after the start of the project), while always being on top of his experiments and data analysis!! We also danced around in the lab when we got good data and celebrated by nomming the delicious macaroons that Nathan baked! Another person I would like to give a shout-out is Katie Bodner ’15 (whom I called my lab baby bear). Despite this being her first research experience, Katie has been working really hard to learn new techniques and how to design her experiments and now she is a pro! Good job to all my baby bears (I am so proud!) A note to freshmen entering this fall: When you are doing your UROP (Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program) this fall or the coming spring, don’t hesitate to ask your supervisors or colleagues in the lab a lot of questions and take a lot of notes. Never be afraid that you will “sound stupid” because everyone has to start somewhere and freshman year is the time to build your foundational research skills. At the start, you might not know a lot of things but I guarantee after 2-3 months of hard work, you will be a whiz! Also, it’s important to maintain your experimental techniques because believe it or not, they might be lost! Sneak peek of iGEM project Magical power of fluorescence proteins: Magical power of inducible genetic circuit: First you see yellow fluorescence: Add another plasmid, now you don’t!! :) And last but not least, magical power of robots that do mundane pipetting procedures for you (brought to you by Felix Sun ’15 and Chelsea Voss’15 who did most of the coding). That was Chelsea right there next to the robot!:) What else happened this summer? Yes, dance!!! I have been a member of MIT Ballroom Dance team for the past 3 years, oh, may be two, since I was away for a year (I did ballroom with the Cambridge team though!) Anyway, apart from the regular trainings we have, this summer, I am also involved in a concert that the team is organizing this fall! Ballroom is one of my greatest passions, so I am gonna need a separate post for this but in short, it has been nothing short of amazing training with our brilliant and experienced coaches this summer! I wish I had 48 hours a day so that I can train and dance more! And lastly MCAT: Ooooh MCAT, the nightmare of most pre-meds. Well.. at the beginning, it was somewhat enjoyable because I was reviewing a lot of the things I learnt during my freshman/sophomore years. I went: “ Oooooh, I knew this!” so many times ! MCAT materials also overlap with my classes in Cambridge! There are also brand new materials, which are quite exciting to learn! BUT. now that I only have like a week left to my exam, I am feeling some butterflies in my tummy :( I need to keep up a positive attitude though! AND I HOPE YOU ALL ARE PUMPED ABOUT ORIENTATION! SEE YOU ON CAMPUS SOON 16s!!! :) Love Linh

The Death Of A Man s President Of The Runoff Election

In Guatemala, former president Otto Pà ©rez Molina is in court custody awaiting possible charges for graft and the first round of elections for his replacement have concluded. The leading vote getter was a former TV comedian, Jimmy Morales, who once played the role of a cowboy who accidentally became president. His motto is, â€Å"neither corrupt, nor a thief.† And that appears to be all the people are looking for at this moment. He will head to a runoff election and while the whole process seems a bit comical, I see it as a positive sign when world leaders are peacefully removed and held accountable in the eyes of the law. Good luck to the people of Guatemala and to whoever wins in the runoff election. Bulls on Parade In last week’s Republican debate, most candidates’ opening remarks stressed that they are on the side of the people in a struggle against government. As the debate went on, few talked about the people in this country who live in poverty or still lack health insurance. No one spoke with concern about the kids who are raised in neighborhoods where it is easier to get hard drugs than fresh produce. No one seemed to care about the air we all breathe. How do you represent all people when you want to ease environmental restrictions that benefit us all and cut funding to social programs that help those who need it most? Carly Fiorina made the strongest impression and has seen the biggest gain in the polls since the debates. Her opinions were well informed and she spokeShow MoreRelatedCountry Notebook Essay12249 Words   |  49 Pagesprecipitation of Korea is 1,245mm, which is 1.4 times the global average, but the per capita precipitation is only one-eighth of the world average. Water management in Korea is difficult, especially because more than 60% of annual precipitation is lost as runoff during floods and torrential rains, while rivers dry up in the dry season. Exacerbating matters, water consumption has been increasing sharply due to population growth, economic development, and changes in lifestyle. IV. Social institutions Read MoreWater as a Source of Future Conflict in Sa26984 Words   |  108 Pagesacross time and space, of which legal principles are blurred and contradictory, and which is being practically more narrowed with every increase in population or standard of living - one gets a convincing case that, in the words of World Bank vice-president Ismail Serageldin, the wars of the next century will be about water (quoted in New York Times, 10 August 1995). Water and Conflict 30. Westing (1986) suggests that, competition for limited...freshwater...leads to severe political tensions andRead MoreThe Boeing Company 2007 Annual Report61846 Words   |  248 Pagesand net gain (loss) from discontinued operations †  Total backlog includes contractual and unobligated backlog. See page 25. 2 Message From Our Chairman Driving long-term growth and value creation 3 W. James McNerney, Jr., Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer To the Shareholders and Employees of The Boeing Company: From this company’s beginning, we have directed our passion, precision and innovation into our products, services, customers and citizenship. On that foundationRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pageschapter. 5. Use technology for developing conceptual understanding and analyzing data. The computer has brought incredible statistical power to the desktop of every investigator. The wide availability of statistical computer packages such as MINITAB, S-Plus, JMP, and SPSS, and the graphical capabilities of the modern microcomputer have transformed both the teaching and learning of statistics. To highlight the role of the computer in contemporary statistics, we have included sample output xvi Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesprimarily by opportunities for economic advancement—including the massive movement of rural agriculturalists to rapidly growing urban areas—but also the often-neglected displacements of populations that resulted from the wars, revolutions, and natural and man-made disasters of the twentieth century. Howard Spodek’s essay charts the development of the urban areas that have been the destination for the great majority of both international and domestic immigrants in the modern era, and that in 2005 becameRead MoreThe Government and Not-For-Profit Environment100975 Words   |  404 PagesExpenditures PROBLEMS (CHAPTER 2) 1. Assume that the City of Ft. 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The Stereotype Of A Young Girl - 924 Words

1. As a young girl, I have always associated most white people with the quality of being rude or racist. For example, not holding doors as I walked behind them or ignoring my friendly smiles and/or comments. I vividly remember several occasions where I would be walking two steps being a Caucasian person and they would fail to hold the door open allowing it to slam in my face. There is also an uneasy stare that is given while shopping, such as following African-Americans around the store to watch them to make sure they are not stealing. The belief that white people are rude is not limited to black people, but other minorities as well because their cultural beliefs and practices are often disrespected. 2. The stereotype emerged from personal experiences throughout my daily life. My mother would also agree that most individuals who are white are rude to minorities because of their sense of entitlement. She would often have to console me because at a young age, I would acknowledge the difference in treatment I received. In reference to other cultures, their cultural beliefs are often disregarded and are not given the time to understand. When someone is not fluent in English, they are often disregarded instead of taking the time is comprehend their statement. Blacks are automatically characterized as thieves or hoodlums, Muslims are terrorist and Mexicans are all labor workers, which are incorrect statements and over generalized. 3. As a result, thinking that most CaucasiansShow MoreRelatedGender Stereotypes : Disney Princesses Are Not Harmful To Young Girls1027 Words   |  5 PagesGender Stereotypes: Disney princesses are not harmful to young girls In this New age, there are proposition how each gender should conduct oneself, dress, and accord themselves. Kids that are growing up in the area have a person that they think are superhuman. 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Critique of Theoretical Framework Free Essays

string(119) " providing superior service to a clientele, they will seek to subcontract with the government and provide the service\." Religion, Social Policy, and Social Work Practice Faith-based Services in Public Welfare It is generally accepted that the church has been a locus of social service and social change throughout America’s history, and â€Å"that the concept of human services emerged, at least partially, from a religious base† (Ellor, Netting, ; Thibault, 1999, p. 13). Furthermore, it is recognized that the social work profession in the United States was influenced by a long history of religious traditions (Ellor et al, 1999; Hugen, 2012; Rosethal, 2006). We will write a custom essay sample on Critique of Theoretical Framework or any similar topic only for you Order Now The social welfare system that emerged in the United States, ormerly and presently, continues to be a mix of faith-based and secular organizations and groups with diversified perspectives and approaches (Ellor et al, 1999). The diverse perspectives and approaches to social welfare in the United States are rooted in an expansive array of worldviews and faith traditions. The U. S. is a pluralistic society characterized by a diversity of people, opinions, and religions (Monsma, 2012). The church is simply one of many places where social welfare ideations have manifested themselves, and the battles against social injustices have been fought. For many years a great variety of religiously affiliated organizations, colleges, hospitals, and social service agencies have received federal welfare funding. There is nothing profoundly new about the inclusion of faith-based organizations in the delivery of social welfare services to the disenfranchised and vulnerable populations (Karger et al, 2007). What is new is the prominence of postmodern, humanistic ideologies in social welfare that began in the 20th century (Hugen, 2012). The clashes between present-day humanistic and faith-based ideologies have spawned a lasting political debate over the correctness of federal government unding of faith-based social services. A major landmark for this political debate occurred in 1996 when the United States Congress passed a set of provisions under the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) section 104†also known as the Charitable Choice clause (Daly, 2009; Wuthnow, 2004). Charitable Choice removed many of the restrictions on integrating religious content with faith-based delivery of social services, and positioned faith-based social service agencies as equivalent to secular social service agencies (Karger et al, 2007). The ovement to incorporate faith-based social service agencies was further fueled by President George W. Bush’s Faith Based and Community Initiative (FBCI) (Kennedy Bielefeld, 2006; Daly, 2009; and Wuthnow, 2004). The Bush administration aimed to do two things based on the core Judicious principles of Charitable Choice: first, to increase the amount of federal social-welfare resources going to faith-based organizations; and second, to protect the organizational autonomy and religious identity of these groups when contracted with the government (Daly, 2007). As a result of the Bush-era FBCI, eleven faith and community-based offices were created n federal agencies, and many states began to develop programs to expand the role of faith-based social services in delivering anti-poverty assistance (Reingold, Pirog Brady, 2007). The Bush-era faith-based initiative was strong enough that the Bush administration’s proposed budget for 2002 allocated nearly $90 million to organizations that expanded or emulated models ot tai tn-based social service programs (Twombly, 2002). Today, according to the National Center for Charitable Statistics (NCCS), there are 956,738 public charities, 97,435 private foundations, and 70,745 other types of nonprofit organizations (NCCS, 2013). According to the NCCS Core Files, public charities reported over $1. 59 trillion in total revenues, and $1. 9 trillion in total expenses in 2011. Of the public charities’ revenues: 22% came from contributions, gifts and government grants; 72% came from program service revenues, which include government fees and contracts; and 6% came from â€Å"other† sources (NCCS, 2013). Blackwood, Roeger, PettiJohn (2012) reveal that there was a 42. 3% growth in the number 501(c)(3) public charities from 2000 to 2010. In New York State alone, there are 1 5,362 religious or spiritually related public charities (IRS Business Master File 04/2010). Eric Twombly (2002), an affiliate of The Urban Institute, and Ira Colby (2007), a social work professor at the University of Houston, point out that many faith-based organizations, such as The Salvation Army, United Jewish Communities, Catholic Charities, and Lutheran Social Services have historically received government support and played a significant role in social service provisions in the United States. These groups are key players in many local areas in both direct ocial provision and setting government service priorities. The goal of this essay is to explore the political debate over Charitable Choice and the faith-based initiative, and secondly, to uncover the implications for social work practice and social work education from this debate. It is evident that faith-based organizations play a substantial role in the delivery of social welfare services in the United States (Nagel, 2006). To begin our exploration of this issue, we will look at the relevant worldviews and belief systems that support or refute the federal government support of faith- based social service agencies. Worldview/ Belief Issues Republicans have favored the privatization of social welfare and reinforced the value of nonprofits. Conservative thinkers believe that churches can address welfare better than the government and the secular social service system (Cnaan Boddie, 2002). Conservatives vigorously attack the belief that government should finance and deliver social services to the population (Karger et al, 2007). Conservatives argue privatization has become a paradox in social welfare because the private sector has been utilized in service provision and precedes the welfare state in many instances. David Osborne and Ted Gaebler (1992) assert in Reinventing Government that the private and public sectors have different roles. The government’s role should consist primarily of establishing the objectives of social policy, and the private sector role should consist of executing the policy. David Stoesz (2007) co-author of American Social Welfare Policy argues, â€Å"nonprofit organizations have been poor competitors, often losing out to for-profit firms† (p. 193). He further asserts that the nature of nonprofits make them less competitive than commercial firms, and when for-profits nter the same market, they often take a substantial portion of the market until nonprofits adopt the same management procedures and become more efficient. A large assumption is this: if for-profits suspect that they can generate a profit by providing superior service to a clientele, they will seek to subcontract with the government and provide the service. You read "Critique of Theoretical Framework" in category "Papers" Conversely, Ira Colby (2007) the Dean and Professor of social work at the University of Houston asserts that privatization of social services as the answer to creating ettective service provisions tor the poor is a â€Å"grossly erroneous assumption† (p. 194). According to Colby (2007) the catchphrases of â€Å"compassionate conservative† or â€Å"faith-based social services† are simply resurfacing ideas from a previous welfare era where greater reliance on the private sector was emphasized. Liberal ideology asserts that the government should play a central role in the provision of services†that government is responsible for ensuring that all people, regardless of status in life, receive needed services and supports that maximize their well-being and ability to participate in society. In essence, basic social services are the business of the government (Colby, 2007). Monsma (2012) identifies 5 factors that underlie and work to mold how liberals view the public role of faith- based organizations. The first is a strong emphasis on the free, autonomous, choosing individual. The second is a suspicion of traditional values and religion when they enter the public square. The third is seeing government as a potentially positive force for social change and improvement. Fourth is its embrace of the strict church-state separation, no-aid-to-religion standard. The fifth and final factor is the legacy of the nondiscrimination statuses of the 1960s. These factors, which can be onsidered beliefs, lead liberals to look negatively upon faith-based human service providers. The emphasis seems to be instead on freedom of choice and what the government can potentially do to improve societal conditions. Rev. Robert Owens (2001) posits that a negative correlation exists between the amount of funding received by religious organizations and the strength of religious mission. Owens, in his stance against public funding of religious organizations, argues that accepting government money to provide social service programs only deepens the confusion in communities about who works for whom. Accepting government money turns the state/ church relationship upside down†where the church works for the state. The solution then is to keep religious congregations independent of the influence of government. Political, Legal, Social Policy After the Great Depression, President Roosevelt’s New Deal political ideations focused on the structural conditions contributing to poverty and social inequality. Because of the depression, it had become obvious that personal morality could not prevent or be the primary cause of poverty (Nagal, 2006). Therefore, the public responsibility for ocial welfare was emphasized, and the popular moral dimension was minimized in social service delivery. Following the New Deal era, the Reagan administration shifted the focus back to the inclusion of faith-based organization in social service provisions. President Reagan considered religious organizations to be more effective than public or secular, nonprofit social service providers (Cnaan Boddie, 2002). Reagan went so far as to use the parable of the Good Samaritan as a metaphor for the cause of poverty. His perception of the biblical parable contrasted a bureaucratic aseworker against the Good Samaritan: The story of the Good Samaritan has always illustrated to me what God’s challenge really is. He crossed the road, knelt down, bound up the wounds of the beaten traveler, the pilgrim, and carried him to the nearest town. He didn’t go running into town and look tor a case-worker to tell him that there was a tellow out there that needed help. He took it upon himself. (Denton, 1982, p. 3 as cited in Cnaan Boddie, 2002) Reagan believed in volunteerism and the increased responsibility of private organizations to meet society’s social-welfare needs. The emphasis on volunteerism resulted in a decrease of government spending on social welfare initiatives in the 1980s. Reagan challenged the private sector to step up and meet the needs of society. He called on churches to provide for the needs of the poor within their own neighborhoods (Yancey, 2007). President Clinton took the challenge one step further and suggested that organized religion would be able to make a significant contribution to reducing the need for social welfare if each congregation in the United States would hire one person in need (Wuthnow, 2004). Here is what President Clinton said: Under this law [Charitable Choice], every state, when it becomes effective, every state in the country can say: If you will hire somebody off welfare, we’ll give you the welfare checks as a supplement for the wages and the training. It means, folks, when you go back home, your church can receive a person’s welfare check and add to it only a modest amount of money to make a living wage, and to take some time to train people and bring their children into the church, and make sure their children are all right and give them a home and family. I Just want every pastor in this audience to think about it. Just think about it. If every church in America hired one person off welfare, if every church in America could get some work to do that, it would set an example that would require the business community to follow, that would require the charitable and other nonprofit organizations to follow. We cannot create a government Jobs program big enough to solve the whole thing, but if everybody did it, one by one, we could do this Job. Associated Press, 1996, section A2) Throughout the later part of the 20th century, the federal government called on the Church to act as the primary safety net for people in need. History reveals that faith- ased organizations have always been a part of providing social welfare services. The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 with the Charitable Choice clause and Bush’s Faith Based and Community Initiative simply increased the collaboration between faith-ba sed organizations and the federal government. Separation of Church and State Before the Charitable Choice provision of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996, faith-based organizations contracting with the government had to remove all religious symbols from the room where service was rovided; accept all clients; refrain from any religious ceremonies; hire staff that reflected society, not the organization’s belief system; adhere to government contract regulations; and incorporate separately as an 501 (c) (3) nonprofit organizations (Cnaan ; Boddie, 2002). All this changed after the PRWORA of 1996. First, faith- based services providers retain their religious autonomy; second, the government could not curtail the religious expression or practice of faith-based services; third, taitn-based service providers were exempt trom complying with employment policies andated by the Civil Rights Act of 1964; finally, faith based organization contracting with the government were no longer required to establish a separate, secular 501 (c) (3) nonprofit organization (Cnaan ; Boddie, 2002). There are, however, some stipulations that remain in order to contract with the government. Faith-based organizations are fiscally accountable to use government funds for the intended social services and not for religious worship or proselytization. The purpose of this section of the law is to ensure a clear separation between church and state. In order or the government to remain neutral to the religious or secular character of organizations, both are offered an opportunity to participate in social service programs. As Rosenthal (2006) states in his conclusion on Charitable Choice Programs and Title VII’s Co-Religionist Exemption: By offering religious institutions the opportunity to participate in social service programs, Congress is faithfully engaging the constitutional principle of neutrality by affording these organizations the same opportunities as non-religious organizations. On the flip side, however, the Constitution requires that this participation be both ecular and non-discriminatory, so as to ensure that religious organizations are not benefited simply by virtue of their religious character. p. 665) Implication for Social Work Practice David Stoesz (2007) in his response to Should Social Services be Privatized asserts that the social work profession traditionally sides with social welfare. This leads to the dismissal of nonprofit agencies and blatant hostility to for-profit agencies. Because of this bias, social work education is devoid of the knowledge and skills that are es sential to business strategies in service provision. The implication for social work education would entail an increase of content in finance, marketing, information systems, and contracting. This would equip social workers to be more competitive in the new human-service market. With access to government funding that no longer regards the religious character of the service provider as a hindrance to the separation of church and state, it is likely (if not already evident by the NCCS reports) that more faith-based organizations and churches will engage in partnership with the public sector. This significant change has influenced social service delivery. As a social work practitioner, I could easily find myself working within a faith-based organization or at least collaborating with a faith-based organization in service delivery. Social work is a value-based profession. Although more secularized than ever before, social work can provide leadership in shaping the collaborative effort between the helping professions and faith-based organizations. This is especially important in considering the integration of spirituality and religion in social work practice. With the prevalence of faith-based organizations providing social services, it ould be beneficial for social work education to increase the content on ethical social work practice within religious settings. With an increased competency in the integration of social work practice with religion and spirituality, social work practitioners can further appreciate the efforts of religious organizations to address social problems. Social work should also â€Å"proceed cautiously to outline the parameters ot ethical social work practice in religious organizations† (Sherr et al, 2009, p. 64) so that service delivery does not cross the ethical line and become an opportunity for proselytizing. The profession of social work continues to realize the importance of religious and spiritual beliefs for clients. The importance of these issues in social work education is supported by the Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) Educational Policy and Accreditation Standard, 2. 1. 4: Social workers understand how diversity characterizes and shapes the human experience and is critical to the formation of identity. The dimensions of diversity are understood as the intersectionality of multiple factors including age, class, color, culture, disability, ethnicity, gender, gender identity and expression, immigration tatus, political ideology, race, religion, sex, and sexual orientation†¦ [Social workers] gain sufficient self-awareness to eliminate the influence of personal biases and values in working with diverse groups†¦ (CSWE, 2008, p. 5) The NASW Code of Ethics (2008) points to the importance of recognizing religious and spiritual beliefs in order to practice in a holistic, client-centered manner. Section 1 . 05(c) of the Code of Ethics states: Social workers should obtain education about and seek to understand the nature of social diversity and oppression with respect to race, ethnicity, national origin, color, ex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, age, martial status, political belief, religion, immigration status and mental or physical disability. (NASW, 2008, p. 9) Competently addressing religious and spiritual beliefs is part of the holistic approach to working with the multi-dimensional person†bio, psycho, social, and spiritual. To ignore the value system of a client leaves the door open for social workers to taint the helping relationship with their own beliefs and values (Zellmer Anderson-Meger, 2011). Summary populations (Karger et al, 2007). History reveals that faith-based organizations have lways been a part of providing social welfare services. The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 with the Charitable Choice clause and Bush’s Faith Based and Community Initiative simply increased the collaboration between faith-based organizations and the federal government. Conservative thinkers believe that churches can address welfare better than the government and the secular social service system (Cnaan ; Boddie, 2002). Conservatives vigorously attack the belief that government should finance and deliver social services to the population (Karger et al, 2007). Liberal ideology asserts that the government should play a central role in the provision of services†that government is responsible for ensuring that all people, regardless of status in life, receive needed services and supports that maximize their well-being and ability to participate in society (Colby, 2007). With an increased competency in the integration of social work practice with religion and spirituality, social work practitioners can turtner appreciate the etto religious organizations to address social problems. With the prevalence of faith- based organizations providing social services, it would be beneficial for social work ducation to increase the content on ethical social work practice within religious settings. The clashes between present-day humanistic and faith-based ideologies have spawned a lasting political debate over the correctness of federal government funding of faith-based social services. In the American pluralistic society, public funds should not be used to promote any particular religion. Therefore, the social work profession should take a leadership role in appreciating diversity, and ethically navigating social welfare and the faith-based initiative. How to cite Critique of Theoretical Framework, Papers

The Impact of Sin Tax on the Consumer’s Demand for Cigarettes Essay Example

The Impact of Sin Tax on the Consumer’s Demand for Cigarettes Paper Marlene B. Escamillan 4E1 The impact of sin tax on the consumer’s demand for cigarettes Introduction The raise in tax is one of the most valuable gauges to lessen the utilization of a good. Just the same as other taxes, a sin tax is charged to lift up proceeds for government expenditures. Different from other taxes, a sin tax is often imposed with an intention of reducing the public’s consumption of a good. On the other hand, when you articulate about taxing cigars and alcoholic beverages, consumption emerge to be unpredictable especially to the mass. The policymakers’ main concern is that an increase in cigars and alcoholic beverages taxes could have an inconsistent impact on the underprivileged (Jose Julian Escario, Jose Alberto Molina, 2004). Escario, et al. also found that the increase in the actual worth of taxation on cigarettes  has had slight effect on demand  from smokers for the reason that demand has been inelastic. But there are signs that a tipping point may have been reached. Sin taxes are also the most effective way to influence adolescent people to refrain from smoking. On the other hand, an increase in the price on cigarettes  has had slight effect on demand  from smokers since demand has been inelastic. Thus, what really is the elasticity of the demand for cigarettes to the mass? The purpose of this paper is to stimulate the impact of sin tax on the consumption of cigarettes of regular smokers. Point of view From an economic perspective, the researcher finds it more sensible to consume the standard cigarette because of the satisfaction it yields to the consumers. It is also efficient for the societal well being of the country because the tax charged will still be returned to us eventually. We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of Sin Tax on the Consumer’s Demand for Cigarettes specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of Sin Tax on the Consumer’s Demand for Cigarettes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of Sin Tax on the Consumer’s Demand for Cigarettes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In addition, based from the study, the researcher would rather utilize the standard good at a lesser demand rate rather than substituting the good in view of the fact that substituting the good would not be as satisfying from what you have been used to smoke. If the taxing of cigarettes will be put into practice, there is an option for smokers to trim down their consumption. Method 50 surveys were dispersed randomly to gather the data needed for prices, and demand for cigarettes. The survey was developed by the researcher. The prices of the usual brand, the substitute brand, and the demand for cigarettes were all answered in the form of a probit model. The price of the standard cigarette brand, and quantity demanded of the substitute cigarette brand are the explanatory variables, while demand for the standard cigarettes is the exogenous variable. Allowance was employed to determine on which income group the student belongs to. Prices were varied through its increase due to tax implemented. Meanwhile, the demand for cigarettes was gauged by the quantity consumed by the buyers. Equation 1: QDstandard = [pic] + [pic] Pstandard + [pic]QDsub + e The regression model is made known above. QDstandard stands for the quantity demanded for the standard cigarette brand; Pstandard corresponds to the price of the standard cigarette brand with tax implemented; QdSub embodies the quantity demanded of the substitute good which is inexpensive than the other good. Results Regression results of QDstandard on Pstandard, and QDsub |Dependent Variable: QDstandard | |Included observations: 50 | |Variable |Coefficient |Std. Error |t-Statistic |Prob. | |C |13. 66452 |0. 595734 |22. 93727 |0. 0000 | |Pstandard |-0. 176294 |0. 066267 |2. 660363 |0. 0145 | |QdSub |-0. 126506 |0. 043445 |-2. 911854 |0. 0086 | | | | | | | |R-squared |0. 905023 | Mean dependent var |14. 2297 | |Adjusted R-squared |0. 893151 | S. D. dependent var |0. 265487 | |S. E. of regression |0. 086782 | Akaike info criterion |-1. 919279 | |Sum squared resid |0. 180745 | Schwarz criterion |-1. 728964 | |Log likelihood |30. 86991 | F-statistic |76. 23089 | |Durbin-Watson stat |1. 193801 | Prob(F-statistic) |0. 000000 | Regressing prices of standard cigarette brand with tax implemented (Pstandard), and quantity demanded the of substitute good (QdSUB) shows all explanatory variables are statistically significant at 95% confidence level. If the price of the standard good increases by 1 unit then quantity demanded for the standard cigarette good decreases by 1. 76 The results explains that if sin tax is implemented, the demand for cigarettes in the middle class will decrease. Furthermore, if the quantity demanded of the substitute good increases by 1 unit, the quantity demanded of the standard good decreases by 1. 27. Based on the survey, middle class consumers will still buy their standard cigarette even if the price increases, while not as much as they used to when the price was lower. Never the less, low-middle class respondents would locate an alternative good if the price of their standard good will increase. When substitution takes place the tax turns into a distortion. To supplementary prove the study, the graph below gives an idea about the effects if tax is implemented. In graph 1, point U1 shows that those who give importance to the standard good more, thru the satisfaction they have for their product, have a steeper demand curve (D1). In this case, a price increase won’t distort their consumption for the standard good. Although loyal consumers’ quantity demanded will decrease, they will still pay out the same amount of money only receiving less amount of that product. In addition, point U2 demonstrates those who will be more satisfied of the substitute which is inexpensive than the standard good. Substitution effect takes place in point U2. Graph 1 Moreover, to further provide evidence for the analysis of the survey regarding consumers’ demand on standard cigarettes, D1 clearly reveals how consumers respond with tax added to the real price. Even with the increase in price, consumers will not be affected that much for the reason that of the inelasticity of its demand curve. In this situation, producers surpass the entire tax burden to the consumers. Nonetheless, D2 shows the analysis of consumers who would find a substitute good if tax is implemented. As illustrated, D2 is less steep compared with D1 which means that those consumers who have a demand curve as of D2 will be highly affected if price increases. When consumers have a demand curve as d2, they are more likely to be avoiding tax and go for the substitute good which creates distortion in the economy. Conclusion From the study conducted, results clearly show that as price of cigarette increases, the quantity demanded vary depending on the type of consumer. On one hand, if the consumer belongs to the middle class, they are more likely to consume the standard brand of cigarette regardless of the price increase but with a lesser amount of quantity. On the other hand, if the consumer is rice elastic, the consumer will more likely consume the substitute good. The demand elasticity for cigars clearly depends on the type of consumers. Source: www. econpapers. repec. org http://tutor2u. net/economics/revision-notes/as-markets-price-elasticity-of-demand. html http://www. tobaccoinabgnustralia. org. au/13-1-price-elasticity-of-demand-for-tobacco-produc Modelling the optimal fiscal policy on tobacco consumption: by Julian Escario, Jose Albe rto Molina 2004. Journal of Policy Modeling Volume 26, Issue 1, January 2004, Pages 81-93 Price U2 U1 D2 D1 Quantity